Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 189
Filter
1.
Rev. psiquiatr. Urug ; 86(2): 76-85, dic. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, UY-BNMED, BNUY | ID: biblio-1412374

ABSTRACT

Los medicamentos en su formulación de depósito son utilizados como una intervención para la adherencia cuando se dificulta el cumplimiento vía oral. Es frecuente la baja adherencia a los tratamientos por vía oral en las personas con enfermedades crónicas. Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal, de una muestra aleatorizada de los pacientes que reciben antipsicóticos de depósito, asistidos en la Policlínica del Hospital Vilardebó en el año 2014. El objetivo fue describir las características de la población que tiene prescripto antipsicótico de depósito en la consulta ambulatoria y conocer los hábitos prescriptivos de estos para favorecer su uso racional. La patología psiquiátrica más prevalente fue la esquizofrenia con 56,4 %, donde se usó con más frecuencia la pipotiazina, siendo este más oneroso que el tratamiento con haloperidol y con un perfil de seguridad y efectividad similar. No se encontraron diferencias entre el uso de anticolinérgicos para los efectos extrapiramidales. Más de dos tercios de los pacientes (69,7 %) estuvieron con polifarmacia antipsicótica y un cuarto de los pacientes (24,7 %) con más de 2 antipsicóticos, a pesar de que en las pautas internacionales no recomiendan tratamientos que justifiquen el uso de más de dos antipsicóticos, dado que no existe evidencia que avale esta práctica, además del riesgo aumentado de reacciones adversas. Un bajo porcentaje (20 %) recibió la medicación de depósito todos los meses del año, resultando de vital importancia evaluar en estudios posteriores las causas intervinientes.


Depot formulation drugs are used as an adherence intervention when oral adherence is difficult to achieve. Low adherence to oral drugs is commonly observed in people with chronic diseases. An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out on a randomized sample of patients receiving depot antipsychotics, treated at Hospital Vilardebó Outpatient Clinic in 2014. The aim was to describe this population's characteristics and prescription habits at the clinic in order to promote rational use. The most prevalent disorder was Schizophrenia (56.4%); pipothiazine was the most frequently used drug. It is more expensive than haloperidol with similar safety and efficacy profiles. There was no difference in the use of anticholinergic drugs to prevent extrapyramidal side effects. More than two thirds of the patients (69.7%) received antipsychotic polypharmacy and a fourth of the patients (24.7%) received more than two antipsychotics in spite of the fact that international treatment guides do not recommend the use of more than two because of lack of benefit evidence and increased risk of adverse reactions. Only 20 % of the patients received the depot every month of the year, being of vital importance to evaluate in subsequent studies the intervening causes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Drug Prescriptions/statistics & numerical data , Antipsychotic Agents/administration & dosage , Uruguay , Simple Random Sampling , Cross-Sectional Studies , Drug Costs , Sex Distribution , Polypharmacy , Ambulatory Care , Octogenarians
2.
Arch. pediatr. Urug ; 93(1): e201, jun. 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, UY-BNMED, BNUY | ID: biblio-1383630

ABSTRACT

Introducción: se describe a nivel mundial un aumento en la prescripción de macrólidos en niños y adolescentes, generando el riesgo de emergencia de cepas resistentes. Objetivo: caracterizar el uso de macrólidos en niños de 1 mes a 14 años hospitalizados en cuidados moderados e intensivos del Hospital Pediátrico del Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell (HP-CHPR). Metodología: estudio descriptivo transversal de niños hospitalizados tratados con macrólidos en el HP-CHPR en 2018. Variables: tipo de macrólido, duración del tratamiento, estudios y hallazgos microbiológicos y diagnóstico al egreso. Resultados: recibieron macrólidos 334 niños, mediana de edad 13 meses, 58,4% varones. 71,0% en Unidad de Terapia Intensiva (UTI). Predominó la prescripción de claritromicina (72,8%), durante los dos últimos cuatrimestres del año (77,5%) y por patología respiratoria (94%): bronquiolitis (23,3%), infección aguda no especificada de las vías respiratorias inferiores (21,9%) y crisis asmática (19,1%). Mediana de tratamiento con azitromicina y claritromicina 5 y 8 días respectivamente. Se realizaron estudios microbiológicos en 96,1% sin determinarse microorganismo en 58,3%. Conclusiones: se destaca el uso de macrólidos principalmente en la UTI y por patología respiratoria. La prescripción por fuera de las recomendaciones nacionales vigentes y la baja confirmación microbiológica que apoye el uso fueron los mayores problemas detectados, por lo que parece fundamental establecer estrategias tendientes a promover un uso racional de estos antibióticos.


Introduction: literature has described a global increase in the prescription of macrolides to children and adolescents , which has increased the risk of emergence of resistant strains. Objective: to characterize the use of macrolides in children from 1 month to 14 years of age hospitalized at the moderate and intensive care units of the Pereira Rossell Pediatric Hospital Center (HP-CHPR). Methodology: descriptive cross-sectional study of hospitalized children treated with macrolides at the HP-CHPR in 2018. Variables: macrolide type, treatment duration, microbiological studies and findings, and diagnosis at discharge. Results: 334 children received macrolides, median age 13 months, 58.4% males. 71.0% hospitalized atnan Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Clarithromycin was mainly prescribed in 72.8% of the cases, during the last two quarters of the year (77.5%), due to respiratory disease (94%): bronchiolitis (23.3%), lower respiratory tract unspecified acute infection (21.9%) and asthma crisis (19.1%). Median treatment included Azithromycin and Clarithromycin for 5 and 8 days respectively. Microbiological studies were carried out in 96.1% of the cases and 58.3% did not show the presence of microorganisms. Conclusions: the use of macrolides stands out, mainly at ICUs and due to respiratory pathologies. The main problems identified were prescriptions made outside the framework of the present national recommendations and the low microbiological confirmation for their use, which suggests it is essential to set strategies to promote a more rational use of these antibiotics.


Introdução: a literatura descreve um aumento a nível global na prescrição de macrolídeos para crianças e adolescentes, o que tem aumentado o risco de surgimento de cepas resistentes. Objetivo: caracterizar o uso de macrolídeos em crianças de 1 mês a 14 anos de idade internadas nas unidades de terapia moderada e intensiva do Centro Hospitalar Pediátrico Pereira Rossell (HP-CHPR). Metodologia: estudo transversal descritivo de crianças hospitalizadas tratadas com macrolídeos no HP-CHPR em 2018. Variáveis: tipo de macrolídeo, duração do tratamento, estudos e achados microbiológicos e diagnóstico no momento da alta. Resultados: 334 crianças receberam macrolídeos, idade mediana de 13 meses, 58,4% do sexo masculino. 71,0% internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI). A Claritromicina foi prescrita principalmente em 72,8% dos casos, nos últimos dois trimestres do ano (77,5%), devido a doença respiratória (94%): bronquiolite (23,3%), infecção aguda não especificada do trato respiratório inferior (21,9%) e crise de asma (19,1%). O tratamento médio incluiu Azitromicina e Claritromicina por 5 e 8 dias, respectivamente. Estudos microbiológicos foram realizados em 96,1% dos casos e 58,3% não evidenciaram a presença de microrganismos. Conclusões: destaca-se o uso de macrolídeos, principalmente em UTIs, e devido a patologias respiratórias. Os principais problemas identificados foram as prescrições feitas fora das atuais recomendações nacionais e a baixa confirmação microbiológica para sua utilização, o que sugere que é essencial definir estratégias para promover uma utilização mais racional destes antibióticos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Drug Prescriptions/statistics & numerical data , Macrolides/administration & dosage , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy , Uruguay/epidemiology , Child, Hospitalized , Cross-Sectional Studies , Clarithromycin/administration & dosage , Azithromycin/administration & dosage
3.
Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. (Online) ; 58: e20355, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1420461

ABSTRACT

Abstract To identify and characterize the most frequent Drug Interaction (DI) in a Jundiaí Hospital. Exploratory, descriptive, and analytical cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach. The source of the study is 100 prescriptions made by the medical service of a hospital in Jundiaí, dispensed from August to October 2018, by the pharmacy of the mentioned hospital for palliative care, mental health, and emergency care. Data plotting in Excel. Of the 100 prescriptions analyzed 60 had at least one type of interaction, 164 DI were found, 14.6% severe, 67.7% moderate, 17.1% minor and 0.6% unspecified. The mechanism of interaction that most appeared in the study was pharmacodynamics, 54.3%, pharmacokinetics were present in 34.1% of DI and 11.6% were not specified. The group most affected by DI was male 33% of prescriptions, female 27%, and 40% showed no interactions. The age group with the most interactions was from 50 to 59 years old. Of the prescriptions that had MI, those with 4 or more interactions were the ones that prevailed. The class of drugs that presented the most interactions was psychotropic drugs. A relevant frequency of interactions was identified by the present study, being the class of psychotropic drugs the most evident and interactions of medium severity the most found, which may be responsible for lowering the clinical condition of patients and the need of possible additional interventions. The data presented may contribute as epidemiological indicators, guiding corrective actions, aiming at the welfare of patients


Subject(s)
Drug Prescriptions/statistics & numerical data , Drug Interactions , Hospitals/ethics , Palliative Care/classification , Patients/classification , Pharmacy/classification , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Polypharmacy
4.
Evid. actual. práct. ambul ; 25(4): e007032, 2022. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, UNISALUD, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1416883

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Los Criterios de Beers son los más utilizados para evaluar el uso de medicación potencialmente inapropiada en grandes poblaciones, pero no contemplan algunos medicamentos de uso frecuente fuera de los EE.UU. Objetivo. Realizar una adaptación al contexto de Argentina de los Criterios de Beers publicados en 2019. Métodos. Fue elaborada una lista preliminar de medicación potencialmente inapropiada adaptada a la comercialización local, que luego fue consensuada por un panel de expertos (método Delphi). Resultados. De los 112 medicamentos originales listados en la tabla dos de los Criterios de Beers (en forma individual o como grupo), fueron excluidos 36 por no estar disponibles el país y fueron sumados 23 que no se comercializan en los EE.UU. pero sí en Argentina. Luego de dos rondas y de consensuar la suma a esta lista de dos grupos farmacológicos(antimigrañosos y vasodilatadores periféricos), fue acordado el agregado de picosulfato, bisacodilo, senósidos y cáscara sagrada como medicación potencialmente inapropiada en el grupo de agentes contra el estreñimiento, la fluoxetina entre los inhibidores selectivos de la recaptación de serotonina y el Ginkgo biloba como droga contra la demencia. También hubo consenso en advertir el riesgo de hipotensión ortostática asociado a la tamsulosina, en aconsejar la consideración de la carga anticolinérgica total del esquema terapéutico administrado y en recomendar al paracetamol como primera línea de tratamiento del dolor, asociado o no a opioides. Conclusiones. Contar con una versión de los Criterios de Beers 2019 adaptada al contexto de Argentina contribuirá al desarrollo y monitoreo de intervenciones para prevenir y reducir el consumo de medicación potencialmente inapropiada. (AU)


Introduction.The Beers Criteria is the most widely used criteria to assess the use of potentially inappropriate medication in large populations, but they do not include some medications that are frequently used outside the United States. Objective.To make an adaptation of the Beers Criteria published in 2019 to the context of Argentina. Methods. A preliminary list of potentially inappropriate medication adapted to local market and practice was designed, which was then agreed upon by a panel of experts (Delphi method). Results. Of the 112 original drugs in the table 2 of the Beers Criteria (individually or as a group), 36 were excluded because they were not available in Argentina and 23 locally marketed drugs but not in the US were included. After two rounds and agreeing to add two additional pharmacological groups to this list (antimigraine and peripheral vasodilators), it was decided to add picosulfate, bisacodyl, sennosides and cascara sagrada as potentially inappropriate medication in the group of anti-constipation agents, fluoxetine among. the selective serotonin reup take inhibitors and Ginkgo biloba as an anti-dementia drug. There was also consensus in warning about the risk of orthostatic hypotension associated with tamsulosin,in advising consideration of the total anticholinergic load of the therapeutic regimen administered, and in recommending paracetamol as the first line of pain treatment, associated or not with opioids. Conclusions. Having a version of the Beers Criteria 2019 adapted to the Argentine context will contribute to the development and monitoring of interventions to prevent and reduce the consumption of potentially inappropriate medication. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Drug Prescriptions/standards , Prescription Drug Misuse/prevention & control , Potentially Inappropriate Medication List/standards , Medication Systems/standards , Argentina , Drug Prescriptions/statistics & numerical data , Delphi Technique , Potentially Inappropriate Medication List/statistics & numerical data , Medication Systems/statistics & numerical data
5.
Rev. Soc. Clín. Med ; 20(1): 2-5, 202203.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1428492

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A crença de que o uso de Inibidores de Bomba de Prótons (IBPs) apresenta baixo risco de toxicidade, resultou em um aumento significativo na sua prescrição em nível mundial, esse fator juntamente com a baixa divulgação de orientações, têm contribuído para o aumento das indicações desnecessárias de inibidores de bomba de prótons em nível hospitalar, principalmente para profilaxia. Objetivo: Analisar a utilização dos inibidores de bomba de prótons em pacientes internados nas enfermarias de clínica médica de um Hospital Universitário, visando avaliar suas indicações, tempo de uso, efeitos adversos e impacto financeiro gerado pelo uso inadequado. Métodos: Foram analisados prontuários de pacientes que estiveram internados nas enfermarias de clínica médica do Hospital Municipal Universitário de Taubaté (HMUT) durante os meses de maio a julho de 2020. As indicações adequadas do uso de inibidores de bomba de prótons foram baseadas em diretrizes internacionais do American Journal of Gastroenterology e do American Society of Health-System Pharmacy. Resultados: Identificamos que 297 pacientes (79,6%) usaram inibidores de bomba de prótons em algum momento da internação. O uso desse medicamento foi adequadamente prescrito em 49,8% dos casos. Foi encontrado maior prevalência de pneumonia e diarreia nos pacientes que fizeram uso de inibidores de bomba de prótons a longo prazo. O custo anual associado as prescrições indevidas foram de R$24.736,40. Conclusão: Observamos alta prevalência de indicações incorretas dos inibidores de bomba de prótons em ambiente hospitalar, ocasionando gasto desnecessário e possíveis complicações. Faz-se necessário, portanto, elaboração de novos protocolos e maior rigidez nas indicações desses medicamentos no Hospital Municipal Universitário de Taubaté.


Introduction: The belief that the use of Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) presents a low risk of toxicity, resulted in a significant increase in its prescription worldwide, this factor combined with the low disclosure of guidelines, have contributed to the increase in unnecessary indications of at the hospital level, especially for prophylaxis. Objective: To analyze the use of proton pump inhibitors in patients hospitalized in the medical clinic wards of a University Hospital, in order to evaluate their indications, time of use, adverse effects and financial impact generated by inadequate use. Methods: Medical records of patients who were admitted at the Municipal University Hospital of Taubaté during the months of May to July 2020 were analyzed. The appropriate indications for the use of proton pump inhibitors were based on the international guidelines of the American Journal of Gastroenterology and the American Society of Health-System Pharmacy. Results: We identified that 297 patients (79.6%) used proton pump inhibitors at some point in hospitalization. The use of this drug was adequately prescribed in 49.8% of the cases. A higher prevalence of pneumonia and diarrhea was found in patients who used proton pump inhibitors in the long term. The annual cost associated with undue prescriptions was R$24,736.40. Conclusion: We observed a high prevalence of incorrect indications of proton pump inhibitors s in the hospital environment, causing unnecessary expenses and possible complications. It is necessary, therefore, the elaboration of new protocols and greater rigidity in the indications of these drugs at the Municipal University Hospital of Taubaté.


Subject(s)
Humans , Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage , Proton Pump Inhibitors/adverse effects , Inappropriate Prescribing/adverse effects , Anti-Ulcer Agents/administration & dosage , Drug Prescriptions/statistics & numerical data , Costs and Cost Analysis , Hospitalization , Inpatients
8.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 45: e76, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1289870

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective. To describe bacterial resistance and antimicrobial consumption ratio at the subnational level in Argentina during 2018, considering beta-lactams group as a case-study. Methods. Antimicrobial consumption was expressed as defined daily doses (DDD)/1000 inhabitants. Resistance of Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus to beta-lactams was recorded. Resistance/consumption ratio was estimated calculating "R" for each region of Argentina, and this data was compared with other countries. Results. The most widely consumed beta-lactams in Argentina were amoxicillin (3.64) for the penicillin sub-group, cephalexin (0.786) for first generation cephalosporins, cefuroxime (0.022) for second generation; cefixime (0.043) for third generation and cefepime (0.0001) for the fourth generation group. Comparison between beta-lactams consumption and bacterial resistance demonstrated great disparities between the six regions of the country. Conclusions. The case-study of Argentina shows that antimicrobial consumption and resistance of the most common pathogens differed among regions, reflecting different realities within the same country. Because this situation might also be occurring in other countries, this data should be taken into account to target local efforts towards better antimicrobial use, to improve antimicrobial stewardship programs and to propose more suitable sales strategies in order to prevent and control antimicrobial resistance.


RESUMEN Objetivo. Determinar la razón entre la resistencia bacteriana y el consumo de antimicrobianos a nivel subnacional en Argentina en el 2018, considerando el grupo de los betalactámicos como estudio de caso. Métodos. El consumo de antimicrobianos se expresó como una dosis diaria determinada (DDD) por 1000 habitantes. Se registró la resistencia de Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae y Staphylococcus aureus a los betalactámicos. Se determinó la razón entre la resistencia y el consumo calculando "R" para cada región de Argentina, y estos datos se compararon con los de otros países. Resultados. Los betalactámicos más consumidos en Argentina fueron la amoxicilina (3,64) para el subgrupo de la penicilina; la cefalexina (0,786) para las cefalosporinas de primera generación; la cefuroxima (0.022) para las de segunda generación; la cefixima (0.043) para las de tercera generación, y la cefepima (0.0001) para el grupo de la cuarta generación. La comparación entre el consumo de betalactámicos y la resistencia bacteriana demostró que había grandes disparidades entre las seis regiones del país. Conclusiones. El estudio de caso en Argentina indica que el consumo de antimicrobianos y la resistencia a los patógenos más comunes difería entre las regiones; esto demuestra que hay distintas realidades dentro del mismo país. Como esta situación también se puede dar en otros países, estos datos se deben tener en cuenta para definir las actividades locales destinadas a fomentar un mejor uso de los antimicrobianos, para mejorar los programas de manejo de los antimicrobianos y para proponer estrategias de venta más adecuadas con el fin de prevenir y controlar la resistencia a los antimicrobianos.


RESUMO Objetivo. Descrever a relação entre o consumo de antimicrobianos e a resistência bacteriana no nível subnacional na Argentina em 2018, considerando o grupo dos betalactâmicos no estudo de caso. Métodos. O consumo de antimicrobianos foi representado por doses diárias definidas (DDD) por 1.000 habitantes. Foi registrada a resistência de Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae e Staphylococcus aureus aos betalactâmicos. A relação entre consumo e resistência foi calculada com base no "R" para cada região do país e os dados da Argentina foram comparados aos de outros países. Resultados. Os betalactâmicos de maior consumo na Argentina foram amoxicilina (3,64) no grupo das penicilinas, cefalexina (0,786) no grupo das cefalosporinas de primeira geração, cefuroxima (0.022) no grupo das cefalosporinas de segunda geração, cefixima (0.043) no grupo das cefalosporinas de terceira geração e cefepima (0.0001) no grupo das cefalosporinas de quarta geração. Ao se comparar o consumo de betalactâmicos e a resistência bacteriana, observou-se grande disparidade entre as seis regiões do país. Conclusões. O estudo de caso revela diferenças no consumo de antimicrobianos e na resistência dos patógenos mais comuns entre as regiões da Argentina, refletindo realidades distintas dentro do mesmo país. Como esta mesma situação pode estar ocorrendo em outros países, estes achados devem servir para direcionar os esforços locais a uma melhor utilização dos antimicrobianos, aperfeiçoar os programas de gestão do uso destes medicamentos e propor estratégias de venda mais apropriadas, visando a prevenir e controlar a resistência aos antimicrobianos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Drug Prescriptions/statistics & numerical data , beta-Lactam Resistance , Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects , Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Argentina , Retrospective Studies
9.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1348992

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate omeprazole prescriptions for older adults based on the Beers Criteria, with an analysis of indications and duration of use longer than eight weeks. METHODS: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, data were collected from the electronic medical records of older adults with an omeprazole prescription seen at two health care units in Curitiba, Brazil, between June and August 2019. Data were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis, Student t and χ2 tests. RESULTS: Medical records of 386 patients were analyzed, and 69.95% were female. The mean age was 71 (SD, 8.15) years. Most patients had incomplete primary education (50.52%) and income level ranging from one to two Brazilian minimum monthly wages (39.90%). No indication for omeprazole prescription was found in 23.83% of medical records. Use longer than eight weeks was predominant for all indications in 96.60% of medical records. Duration of use more extended than the Beers Criteria recommendation was independent of sex (p = 0.327), education (p = 0.805), and income level (p = 0.629). A relationship between polypharmacy and long-term drug use was demonstrated (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest the need for periodic review of omeprazole prescriptions considering deprescribing when they appropriate.


OBJETIVO: Avaliar as prescrições de omeprazol para idosos de acordo com os Critérios de Beers, por meio das indicações e do tempo de uso do medicamento por período superior a oito semanas. METODOLOGIA: Estudo transversal, retrospectivo, no qual foram coletados dados dos prontuários eletrônicos de idosos com prescrição de omeprazol atendidos entre junho e agosto de 2019 em duas unidades de saúde em Curitiba. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística descritiva e aos testes t de Student e do χ2 . RESULTADOS: Foram analisados prontuários de 386 usuários, sendo 69,95% do sexo feminino. A média de idade foi de 71 anos (DP, 8,15). A maioria dos usuários tem ensino fundamental incompleto (50,52%) e faixa de renda de um a dois salários mínimos (39,90%). Não foi encontrada a indicação para a prescrição de omeprazol em 23,83% dos prontuários. O uso por período superior a oito semanas foi predominante, para todas as indicações, em 96,60% dos prontuários. Demonstrou-se que o tempo de uso superior ao recomendado nos Critérios de Beers independe do sexo (p = 0,327), da escolaridade (p = 0,805) e da faixa de renda (p = 0,629). Evidenciou-se a relação entre polifarmácia e uso do medicamento por períodos prolongados (p < 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados deste estudo apontam para a necessidade de revisão periódica das prescrições de omeprazol, considerando-se a desprescrição quando apropriado.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Drug Prescriptions/statistics & numerical data , Omeprazole/administration & dosage , Health Centers , Proton Pump Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Anti-Ulcer Agents/administration & dosage , Socioeconomic Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies , Retrospective Studies
10.
Trends psychiatry psychother. (Impr.) ; 42(1): 48-54, Jan.-Mar. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1099399

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction The opioid epidemic is a severe problem in the world, especially in the United States, where prescription opioid overdose accounts for a quarter of drug overdose deaths. Objective To describe psychiatrists' prescription of opioid, benzodiazepine, and buprenorphine in the United States. Methods We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study of the 2016 Medicare Part D claims data and analyzed psychiatrists' prescriptions of: 1) opioids; 2) benzodiazepines, whose concurrent prescription with opioids can cause overdose death; 3) buprenorphine, a partial opioid agonist for treating opioid addiction; 4) and naltrexone microsphere, a once-monthly injectable opioid antagonist to prevent relapse to opioid dependence. Prescribers with 11 or more claims were included in the analysis. Results In Medicare Part D in 2016, there were a total of 1,131,550 prescribers accounting for 1,480,972,766 total prescriptions and 78,145,305 opioid prescriptions, including 25,528 psychiatrists (2.6% of all prescribers) accounting for 44,684,504 total prescriptions (3.0% of all prescriptions) and 131,115 opioid prescriptions (0.2% of all opioid prescriptions). Psychiatrists accounted for 17.3% of benzodiazepine, 16.3% of buprenorphine, and 33.4% of naltrexone microsphere prescriptions. The opioid prescription rate of psychiatrists was much lower than that of all prescribers (0.3 vs 5.3%). The buprenorphine prescription rate of psychiatrists was much higher than that of all prescribers (2.3 vs. 0.1%). There was a substantial geographical variation across the United States. Conclusions The results show that, proportionally, psychiatrists have lower rates of opioid prescription and higher rates of benzodiazepine and buprenorphine prescription.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Drug Prescriptions/statistics & numerical data , Psychiatry/statistics & numerical data , Benzodiazepines/therapeutic use , Practice Patterns, Physicians'/statistics & numerical data , Buprenorphine/therapeutic use , Medicare Part D/statistics & numerical data , Analgesics, Opioid/therapeutic use , Narcotic Antagonists/therapeutic use , United States , Cross-Sectional Studies , Retrospective Studies
11.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 18: eAO4433, 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1056078

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the pharmaceutical interventions of a vertical clinical pharmacy service to promote the rational use of intravenous omeprazole. Methods: A prospective and descriptive study carried out at a university hospital in the Midwestern Region of Brazil, from November 2014 to May 2015. The service consisted of the analysis of adequacy of the route of administration of omeprazole in relation to the clinical conditions of the patient, as well as the use of the appropriate diluent. Interventions were recorded in medical records and subsequently evaluated for acceptance. Results: A total of 770 prescriptions were evaluated. Interventions related to diluent replacement were more accepted (p<0.001), and surgeons were the specialty that used the intravenous route inappropriately (p<0.001). Conclusion: Although partially accepted, pharmaceutical interventions could contribute to improve patient safety, since they allowed the use of a safer route of administration.


RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever as intervenções farmacêuticas de um serviço farmacêutico clínico vertical, para a promoção do uso racional do omeprazol intravenoso. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo e descritivo realizado em um hospital universitário da região Centro-Oeste do Brasil, no período de novembro de 2014 a maio de 2015. O serviço consistia na análise da adequabilidade da via de administração do omeprazol em relação às condições clínicas do paciente, bem como a utilização do diluente adequado. As intervenções eram registradas em prontuário e, posteriormente, avaliadas quanto à aceitação. Resultados: Foram avaliadas 770 prescrições. As intervenções relacionadas à substituição do diluente foram mais aceitas (p<0,001), e os cirurgiões foram a especialidade que utilizou a via intravenosa de maneira inadequada (p<0,001). Conclusão: Embora parcialmente aceitas, as intervenções farmacêuticas puderam contribuir com a melhoria da segurança dos pacientes, uma vez que permitiram a utilização de uma via de administração mais segura.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Aged , Pharmacy Service, Hospital/standards , Omeprazole/administration & dosage , Proton Pump Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Administration, Intravenous/methods , Drug Prescriptions/statistics & numerical data , Brazil , Prospective Studies , Sex Distribution , Age Distribution , Patient Safety , Hospitals, University , Medication Errors/statistics & numerical data , Middle Aged
12.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 18: eAO4871, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1039740

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze, from the pharmacotherapy perspective, the factors associated to visits of older adults to the emergency department within 30 days after discharge. Methods A cross-sectional study carried out in a general public hospital with older adults. Emergency department visit was defined as the stay of the older adult in this service for up to 24 hours. The complexity of drug therapy was determined using the Medication Regimen Complexity Index. Potentially inappropriate drugs for use in older adults were classified according to the American Geriatric Society/Beers criteria of 2015. The outcome investigated was the frequency of visits to the emergency department within 30 days of discharge. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify the factors associated with the emergency department visit. Results A total of 255 elderly in the study, and 67 (26.3%) visited emergency department within 30 days of discharge. Polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medications for older adults did not present a statistically significant association. The diagnosis of heart failure and Medication Regimen Complexity Index >16.5 were positively associated with emergency department visits (OR=2.3; 95%CI: 1.04-4.94; p=0.048; and OR=2.1; 95%CI: 1.11-4.02; p=0.011), respectively. Furthermore, the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease were protection factors for the outcome (OR=0.4; 95%CI: 0.20-0.73; p=0.004; and OR=0.3; 95%CI: 0.13-0.86; p=0.023). Conclusion The diagnosis of heart failure and Medication Regimen Complexity Index >16.5 were positively associated with the occurrence of an emergency department visit within 30 days of discharge.


RESUMO Objetivo Analisar, da perspectiva da farmacoterapia, os fatores associados à visita de idosos a departamentos de emergência em até 30 dias após a alta da internação índice. Métodos Foi realizado estudo transversal em hospital público geral, com idosos. Visita a departamento de emergência foi definido como a permanência do idoso nesse serviço por até 24 horas. A complexidade da farmacoterapia foi determinada usando o Medication Regimen Complexity Index. Os medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados para idosos foram classificados segundo os critérios American Geriatric Society/Beers , de 2015. O desfecho investigado foi a frequência de visita a departamento de emergência em 30 dias após a alta hospitalar. Regressão logística multivariada foi realizada para identificar os fatores associados à visita a departamento de emergência. Resultados No estudo, foram incluídos 255 idosos; 67 (26,3%) visitaram departamento emergência em 30 dias após a alta hospitalar. Polifarmácia e medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados para idosos não apresentaram associação estatística significante. O diagnóstico de insuficiência cardíaca e o índice da complexidade da farmacoterapia >16,5 apresentaram associação positiva com visita a departamento de emergência (RC=2,3; IC95%: 1,04-4,94; p=0,048; e RC=2,1; IC95%: 1,11-4,02; p=0,011), respectivamente. Ainda, o diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus e a doença renal crônica foram fatores de proteção para o desfecho (RC=0,4; IC95%: 0,20-0,73; p=0,004; e RC=0,3; IC95%: 0,13-0,86; p=0,023). Conclusão O diagnóstico de insuficiência cardíaca e o índice da complexidade da farmacoterapia >16,5 apresentaram associação positiva com ocorrência de visita a departamento de emergência dentro de 30 dias após a alta.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Patient Discharge/statistics & numerical data , Drug Prescriptions/statistics & numerical data , Drug Therapy/statistics & numerical data , Emergency Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Patient Readmission/statistics & numerical data , Time Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies , Polypharmacy , Heart Failure/drug therapy , Middle Aged
13.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 18: eAO5427, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1133722

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the surgical antibiotic prophylaxis. Methods: This was a descriptive study performed at a public tertiary care university hospital gathering prescription, sociodemographic and hospitalization data of inpatients admitted in 2014 who used antimicrobial drugs. This data were obtained from the hospital electronic database. The antimicrobial data were classified according to the anatomical, therapeutic chemical/defined daily dose per 1,000 inpatients. An exploratory analysis was performed using principal component analysis. Results: A total of 5,182 inpatients were prescribed surgical antibiotic prophylaxis. Of the total antimicrobial use, 11.7% were for surgical antibiotic prophylaxis. The orthopedic, thoracic and cardiovascular postoperative units, and postoperative intensive care unit comprised more than half of the total surgical antibiotic prophylaxis use (56.3%). The duration of antimicrobial use of these units were 2.2, 2.0, and 1.4 days, respectively. Third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones had the longest use among antimicrobial classes. Conclusion: Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis was inadequate in the orthopedic, postoperative intensive care, thoracic and cardiovascular postoperative, gynecology and obstetrics, and otolaryngology units. Therefore, the development and implementation of additional strategies to promote surgical antibiotic stewardship at hospitals are essential.


RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a utilização de antibioticoprofilaxia cirúrgica. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo descritivo em um hospital universitário de cuidado terciário por meio de coleta de dados de prescrição, sociodemográficos e de hospitalização sobre todos os pacientes internados em 2014 que utilizaram pelo menos um medicamento antimicrobiano. Esses dados foram coletados da base de dados eletrônica do hospital. O consumo de antimicrobianos foi analisado de acordo com a classificação anatômica terapêutica e química/dose diária definida por mil pacientes-dia. Realizou-se uma análise exploratória por meio da análise de componentes principais. Resultados: Um total de 5.182 pacientes internados receberam prescrição de antibioticoprofilaxia cirúrgica, que corresponde a 11,7% do total de antibióticos utilizados no hospital. As unidades de ortopedia, pós-operatória de cirurgia torácica e cardiovascular e terapia intensiva pós-operatória foram responsáveis pela utilização de mais da metade (56,3%) da antibioticoprofilaxia cirúrgica. A duração de uso desses antimicrobianos nessas unidades foi 2,2, 2,0 e 2,4 dias, respectivamente. Cefalosporinas de terceira geração e fluoroquinolonas foram as classes de antimicrobianos com tempo de utilização mais longo. Conclusão: A utilização de antibioticoprofilaxia cirúrgica foi inadequada nas unidades de ortopedia, pós-operatória de cirurgia torácica e cardiovascular, terapia intensiva pós-operatória, ginecologia e obstetrícia e otorrinolarigonlogia. Portanto, são importantes o desenvolvimento e a implantação de estratégias que promovam o uso racional de antibioticoprofilaxia cirúrgica nos hospitais.


Subject(s)
Humans , Drug Prescriptions/statistics & numerical data , Surgical Procedures, Operative/adverse effects , Bacterial Infections/prevention & control , Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Antibiotic Prophylaxis/methods , Inpatients/statistics & numerical data , Surgical Procedures, Operative/methods , Surgical Wound Infection/prevention & control , Drug Utilization Review , Antibiotic Prophylaxis/adverse effects , Hospitalization , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
14.
Clinics ; 75: e1588, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1101089

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The number of bariatric procedures has significantly increased in Brazil, especially in the public Unified Health System. The present study describes health outcomes and medication use in obese patients treated in a major hospital that performs publicly funded surgery in Brazil. METHODS: A retrospective, single center study was conducted to collect real-world evidence of health outcomes and medication use in 247 obese patients (female, 82.2%) who underwent open Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Changes in weight and body mass index (BMI), presence of apnea, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes (T2D), and medication use (hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia) were assessed preoperatively and up to 24 months postoperatively. The mean cost of medications was calculated for the 12-month preoperative and 24-month postoperative periods. RESULTS: During the surgery, the mean age of patients was 43.42 years (standard deviation [SD], 10.9 years), and mean BMI was 46.7 kg/m2 (SD, 6.7 kg/m2). At 24 months, significant declines were noted in weight (mean, -37.6 kg), BMI (mean, -14.3 kg/m2); presence of T2D, hypertension, and apnea (-29.6%, -50.6%, and -20.9%, respectively); and number of patients using medications (-66.67% for diabetes, -41.86% for hypertension, and -55.26% for dyslipidemia). The mean cost of medications (total costs for all medications) decreased by >50% in 12-24 postoperative months compared to that in 12 preoperative months. CONCLUSION: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass successfully reduced weight, BMI, and comorbidities and medication use and cost at 24 months in Brazilian patients treated in the public Unified Health System.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Drug Prescriptions/statistics & numerical data , Obesity, Morbid/surgery , Gastric Bypass/methods , Laparoscopy , Bariatric Surgery , Obesity, Morbid/complications , Brazil , Weight Loss , Gastroesophageal Reflux/complications , Gastroesophageal Reflux/drug therapy , Body Mass Index , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Outcome Assessment, Health Care , Diabetes Complications/drug therapy , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy , Dyslipidemias/complications , Dyslipidemias/drug therapy , Hypertension/complications , Hypertension/drug therapy
15.
Rev. med. Rosario ; 85(2): 64-71, mayo-ago. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1053150

ABSTRACT

El aumento de la resistencia bacteriana a los antibióticos se ha vuelto un problema global de salud. Entre otros factores, incide la actitud del médico a la hora de indicar tratamiento antibacteriano y en qué medida se basa en la evidencia. Para conocer cómo efectúa sus indicaciones en la práctica diaria se analizaron las respuestas a un cuestionario anónimo formulado a 100 médicos. Se encontraron diferencias en el modo de prescripción entre los facultativos, inclusive tratar con antibióticos sin haber realizado estudio etiológico, así como distinta respuesta de clínicos y cirujanos. Esto pone en evidencia la necesidad de que cada institución de salud disponga de un protocolo para la administración de estos medicamentos (AU)


Recently there has been a dramatic global increase in bacterial resistance. Phisician´s attitude affects the indication of antibacterial treatment. In order to know how they make their indications in daily practice we analyzed the answers to an anonymous questionnaire to 100 MD. Differences were found in the way of prescribing among physicians. Some of them administered antibiotics without having carried out etiological studies. There was also different response from clinicians and surgeons. This highlights the need for each health institution to have a protocol for the administration of these drugs (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Drug Prescriptions/statistics & numerical data , Public Health/statistics & numerical data , Surveys and Questionnaires
17.
Rev. saúde pública (Online) ; 53: 51, jan. 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1004515

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: Trace the pattern of drug use during delivery hospitalization. METHOD: Cross-sectional study carried out from June to October 2015, included in the 2015 Pelotas births cohort. All women living in the urban area of the city who were hospitalized for delivery were part of the sample. We collected information regarding drug prescription and drug use by mothers during the whole period of hospitalization. Sociodemographic data were obtained in interview after delivery, and other data were obtained from medical charts. The drugs were classified according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical system. RESULTS: All study participants (1,392 women) used at least one drug, with the mean amount being larger the higher the age of the mother, both prepartum/during delivery and postpartum. It was also higher in cases of spinal anesthesia or general anesthesia, cesarean deliveries, school hospitals, and longer hospitalizations. Analysis of the sample as a whole showed no significant difference in the number of drugs used according to hospitalization type, but when stratified by length of hospital stay the mean was higher in SUS hospitalizations than in private and health insurance hospitalizations. Drugs for the nervous system were the most used (30.5%), followed by drugs for the alimentary tract and metabolism (13.8%). The use of anti-infective agents and drugs that act on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems was higher in mothers who underwent cesarean delivery. This study showed high drug consumption in the delivery hospitalization period, and showed cesarean delivery and epidural anesthesia as the main factors related to high drug consumption in this period. CONCLUSIONS: We found high drug consumption in the delivery hospitalization period, and the main factors were cesarean delivery and epidural anesthesia. Drugs that act on the nervous system were the most used.


RESUMO OBJETIVO: Identificar o padrão de uso dos medicamentos durante a internação para o parto. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal realizado de junho a outubro de 2015, inserido na coorte de nascimentos de Pelotas de 2015. Todas as mulheres residentes na zona urbana da cidade que foram internadas para o parto fizeram parte da amostra. Foram coletadas informações referentes à prescrição e uso de medicamentos pela mãe durante todo o período de internação. Dados sociodemográficos foram obtidos na entrevista realizada após o parto, e os demais nos prontuários. Os medicamentos foram classificados de acordo com o sistema Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical. RESULTADOS: Todas as participantes do estudo (1.392 mulheres) utilizaram pelo menos um medicamento, sendo a quantidade média maior quanto maior a idade da mãe, tanto no momento pré/durante o parto como no pós-parto. Também foi maior em casos de raquianestesia ou anestesia geral, partos cesarianos, hospitais escola e internações mais prolongadas. Na análise da amostra como um todo, não houve diferença significativa no número de medicamentos utilizados de acordo com o tipo de hospitalização, mas quando estratificada por período de internação, a média foi maior nas internações pelo SUS que nas internações particulares e por convênios. Medicamentos para o sistema nervoso foram os mais utilizados (30,5%), seguidos dos que atuam no trato alimentar e metabolismo (13,8%). O uso de anti-infecciosos e fármacos que atuam nos sistemas cardiovascular e respiratório foi maior em mães que fizeram cesariana. Este estudo evidenciou elevado consumo de medicamentos no período de internação para o parto, e o parto cesariano e a anestesia peridural como os principais fatores relacionados ao consumo elevado de medicamentos neste período. CONCLUSÕES: Evidenciou-se elevado consumo de medicamentos no período de internação para o parto, sendo os principais fatores a cesariana e a anestesia peridural. Os medicamentos que atuam no sistema nervoso foram os mais utilizados.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Drug Prescriptions/statistics & numerical data , Cesarean Section/statistics & numerical data , Delivery, Obstetric/statistics & numerical data , Drug Utilization/statistics & numerical data , Drug Prescriptions/classification , Socioeconomic Factors , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Cohort Studies , Postpartum Period , Hospitalization , Anesthesia, Epidural , Anesthesia, General , Anesthesia, Spinal , Middle Aged
18.
Rev. saúde pública (Online) ; 53: 92, jan. 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1043338

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To estimate the use of the first dose of antibiotics in the health care unit in children from the 2015 Pelotas Birth Cohort at 24 months. METHODS A total of 4,014 children were monitored. We used descriptive statistics and Poisson regression to analyze the association between socioeconomic and demographic variables, participation in daycare units, in the activities of the Pastoral da Criança and in the Primeira Infância Melhor program, low birth weight, hospitalization between 12 and 24 months, place of medical appointment, prevalence of medical appointment in the last 30 days, prescription of antibiotics, and administration of the first dose in the health care unit. RESULTS A total of 1,044 children had medical appointments in the last 30 days, of which 45% were prescribed antibiotics and only 10.5% were administered the first dose of this medication in the health care unit. Children with brown, yellow or indigenous skin color were administered 2.5 times more antibiotics than white children. Children whose mothers had 12 years or more of education were administered 83.0% fewer antibiotics than those whose mothers had up to 4 years of education. Among those who were hospitalized for 12 to 24 months, the use of antibiotics was almost four times higher than among those who were not. Among the children served by the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS), only 15.3% were administered the first dose of antibiotic in the health care unit. When compared with children served by private health care or health plan, administration of the first dose in the SUS was 76.0% higher. CONCLUSIONS Despite the efforts related to the Pastoral da Criança campaign "Antibiotic: first dose immediately," adherence to the provision of antibiotics in the health care unit is still low. Strategies are necessary and urgent so children have access to the first dose of antibiotics in the health care unit.


RESUMO OBJETIVO Estimar o uso da primeira dose do antibiótico no local de atendimento nas crianças da Coorte de Nascimentos de Pelotas de 2015 aos 24 meses. MÉTODOS Foram acompanhadas 4.014 crianças. A associação entre variáveis socioeconômicas e demográficas, participação em creche, nas ações da Pastoral da Criança e no programa Primeira Infância Melhor, baixo peso ao nascer, internação entre 12 e 24 meses, local da consulta, prevalência de consulta nos últimos 30 dias, prescrição de antibióticos e recebimento da primeira dose no local de atendimento foi analisada por meio de estatística descritiva e regressão de Poisson. RESULTADOS Tiveram consulta nos últimos 30 dias 1.044 crianças, das quais 45% receberam prescrição de antibiótico e apenas 10,5% receberam a primeira dose dessa medicação no local de atendimento. Crianças de cor da pele parda, amarela ou indígena tiveram um uso de antibiótico 2,5 vezes maior que o das brancas. Já as crianças cujas mães tinham 12 anos ou mais de escolaridade usaram 83,0% menos antibióticos que aquelas cujas mães tinham até quatro anos de estudo. Entre aquelas que foram internadas entre 12 e 24 meses, o uso de antibiótico foi quase quatro vezes maior do que entre as que não foram. Entre as crianças atendidas pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), apenas 15,3% receberam a primeira dose do antibiótico no local de atendimento. Quando comparado com o de crianças atendidas por financiamento particular ou convênio, o recebimento da primeira dose no SUS chegou a ser 76,0% superior. CONCLUSÕES Apesar dos esforços relacionados à campanha da Pastoral da Criança "Antibiótico: primeira dose imediata", ainda é baixa a adesão ao fornecimento de antibióticos no local de atendimento. Estratégias são necessárias e urgentes para que as crianças tenham acesso à primeira dose de antibióticos no local de atendimento.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Adult , Young Adult , Health Care Surveys/statistics & numerical data , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Appointments and Schedules , Drug Prescriptions/statistics & numerical data , Socioeconomic Factors , Time Factors , Brazil/epidemiology , Child Health/statistics & numerical data , Prevalence , Cohort Studies , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Mothers , National Health Programs
20.
Braz. oral res. (Online) ; 33: e076, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1019609

ABSTRACT

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of opioid analgesics prescribed by Brazilian dentists, potential regional differences and their association with socioeconomic and health-related factors. Data for all opioid prescriptions by dentists was obtained from the 2012 database of the National Controlled Substances Management System, regulated by the Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency. The number of defined daily doses (DDD) and DDDs per 1,000 inhabitants per day for each Brazilian state were calculated as the primary outcomes. DDDs were compared by regions and Brazilian states. Spearman's rho correlation coefficient was used to determine the influence of the states' characteristics, such as the Human Development Index; poverty; education; number of dentists per 100,000 inhabitants; visit to the dentist; dental care plan; good or very good oral health; number of pharmaceutical establishments per 100,000/inhabitants; and ability to get all prescribed medications. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0. A total of 141,161 prescriptions for opioids analgesics by 36,929 dentists were recorded, corresponding to 658,855 doses of opioids dispensed in 2012. The most commonly dispensed opioids were codeine associated with paracetamol (83.2%; n = 117,493). The national DDDs per 1,000 inhabitants per day was 0.0093 (range: 0.0002-0.0216). DDD per 1,000 inhabitants per day was positively associated to visits to dentists (rs = 0.630; P < 0.001) and inversely associated to poverty (rs = -0.624; p = 0.001). There are significant differences in opioid prescriptions in dentistry among the Brazilian states. These differences may be associated with non-clinical factors.


Subject(s)
Humans , Drug Prescriptions/statistics & numerical data , Dental Care/statistics & numerical data , Practice Patterns, Dentists'/statistics & numerical data , Analgesics, Opioid/therapeutic use , Pharmacies/statistics & numerical data , Reference Values , Socioeconomic Factors , Tramadol/therapeutic use , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Codeine/therapeutic use , Statistics, Nonparametric , Drug Utilization/statistics & numerical data , Acetaminophen/therapeutic use
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL